12
V. Liberatore
Pervasive Computing
Internet protocol stack
*application: supporting network applications
nftp, smtp, http
*transport: host-host data transfer
ntcp, udp
*network: routing of datagrams from source to destination
nip, routing protocols
*link: data transfer between neighboring  network elements
nppp, ethernet
*physical: bits “on the wire”
*
application
transport
network
link
physical