12
V. Liberatore
Pervasive Computing
Internet protocol stack
application: supporting network applications
nftp, smtp, http
transport: host-host data
transfer
ntcp, udp
network: routing of
datagrams from source to
destination
nip, routing protocols
link: data
transfer between neighboring network elements
nppp, ethernet
physical: bits “on the
wire”
application
transport
network
link
physical